As part of the Exchange audit scripts, I recently changed the 2007 version of the script to use .NET to collect the event logs instead of WMI. Virtu-Al made an interesting suggestion, which was to say, which of these methods are quicker at collecting the logs. So in order to do this I needed to setup a race.
This race would basically involve the two methods of retrieval collecting a large list of events from a selected server. The basic command to accomplish this is as follows: For WMI one would simply use:
$wmi = Get-WmiObject -computer SERVER1 Win32_NTLogEvent
Using .NET, it retrieves the actual Event Logs, so the entries have to be enumerated with a quick bit of code:
System.Diagnostics.EventLog]::GetEventLogs('SERVER1') ForEach ($eventLog in $eventLogs){ $dotNet += ($eventLog.entries)}
In both cases, where SERVER1 is the name of the remote server you need to collect the events from. Now, in order to make sure that there is no cheating, I would have to count how many objects are returned by each method. This could be done by simply saving the collection to a variable and counting the total. So in this scenario, .NET would return approximately 56000 items and WMI would return less. About 500+ less every time. From here I went down a crazy path of checking date and time formats etc. and in the end, I came to the conclusion that it had to be the security log. Entries were being written into the Security Log so quickly, that by the time the 2nd script is run, the number of entries have changed, or I remembered that you needed special permissions to read certain Security Log entries. Or so I thought. So I decided to exclude the Security log from my collection. This was easy enough, but still the totals were inconsistent. In an effort to try and eliminate where the problem could be, I decided to include only one log at a time, starting with the Application Log. Here is the script used to collect the Application from a remote server using WMI:
$d1 = get-date
$wmiDate = [System.Management.ManagementDateTimeConverter]::ToDmtfDateTime([DateTime]::Now.AddDays(-1))
$WMI = Get-WmiObject -computer SERVER1 -query ("Select * from Win32_NTLogEvent Where Logfile = 'Application' and TimeWritten >='" + $WmiDate + "'")
$wmiCount = ($WMI).Count
$wmiDT = [System.Management.ManagementDateTimeConverter]::ToDateTime($wmiDate)
Write-Host From Date $wmiDT
Write-Host Total $wmiCount
$d2 = Get-Date
$d2 - $d1
WMI Script results: From Date 09/06/2009 01:28:49 PM Total 317 Here is the script used to collect the same event log entries from the same server, using .NET instead:
$d1 = get-date
$dotNetDate = ([DateTime]::Now.AddDays(-1))
$eventLogs=[System.Diagnostics.EventLog]::GetEventLogs('SERVER1') | where {$_.LogDisplayName -eq "Application"}
ForEach ($eventLog in $eventLogs ){
$dotNet += ($eventLog.entries) | where {($_.TimeWritten -ge $dotNetDate)}
}
$dotnetCount = ($dotNet).count
Write-Host From Date $dotNetDate
Write-Host Total $dotnetCount
$d2 = Get-Date
$d2 - $d1
.NET Script Results:
From Date 09/06/2009 01:28:49 PM Total 650
This was still very confusing so, to see exactly at which record the problem is, I had both scripts display the record number of the first and last record in each respective collection, by adding the following to each script: For the .NET script:
$dotNet | Select-Object -First 1 $dotNet | Select-Object -Last 1 For the WMI script: $WMI | Select-Object RecordNumber, TimeWritten, Type, SourceName, EventCode -First 1 $WMI | Select-Object RecordNumber, TimeWritten, Type, SourceName, EventCode -Last 1
Now I could see that, at least they were starting at the same record, but for some odd reason, WMI was quitting before the job was done. .NET record results:
Index Time Type Source EventID ----- ---- ---- ------ ------- 51 Jun 09 14:55 Warn MSExchange Availa... 4004 705 Jun 10 14:51 Warn MSExchange Active... 1008 WMI Results: RecordNumber TimeWritten Type SourceName ------------ ----------- ---- ---------- 353 20090610012624.00000... Warning MSExchange ActiveSync RecordNumber TimeWritten Type SourceName ------------ ----------- ---- ---------- 51 20090609145522.00000... Warning MSExchange Availability
To make sure this problem wasn’t specific to the current server I started collecting logs from other servers, to record the results. I also did an add-member on the WMI script to convert the time and date back for easier reading. With the following string:
ForEach-Object { Add-Member -inputobject $_ -Name myTime -MemberType NoteProperty -Value ([System.Management.ManagementDateTimeConverter]::ToDateTime($_.TimeWritten)) -Force -PassThru}
Over a number of servers this still made no difference, WMI still did not return all the results. This seems to be a problem specific to the Application and Security Log, and could well be related to the WMI impersonation or authentication which will be available in version 2.
This I have not had time to investigate. I decided to re-write the WMI script to collect all results and then filter out the unwanted events with “where-object”. At this point I also changed the selected log to the system event log, as someone cleared the application logs on the selected servers.
This worked great for most of the servers and finally I was getting similar results from both scripts. I did however find, that servers with large numbers of events generate a WMI Quota Violation, which seems to imply that there are too many items in the list, which is yet another blow to WMI.
This could also explain the incomplete results from previous attempts. The Quota Violation is a known problem and there is a resolution for it posted here: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/828653. To get around this problem, I changed the script again, to use the WMI query. So now that we were getting results, it was time to start testing the speed of each method.
I decided to test the speed against 3 different servers, and increment the number of records retrieved until I could not collect anymore, or up to a maximum of 240 days worth of events.
I decided to also give each method and average read time over 3 attempts.
Here are some of the results:
As the amout of days, or number of records increase, the read speed of WMI starts decreasing.
In summary, WMI scales nicely when using a WMI query directly in the Get-WMIObject command. It does however loose speed as the number of records to retrieve start increasing.
It has to be mentioned, that WMI slows down to a crawl, if all records are retrieved and the result is filtered with “where-object”.
Although WMI is faster with less records, I am going base all my event log queries on .NET for now, as WMI proved to be inconsistent and erroneous in what retrieves, or atleast in my testing it did.
I hope that this problem is related to impersonation, and that it is resolved in Powershell v2. The final scripts I used to retrieve the information can be downloaded from here:
When the form loads, it will get a list of all the Exchange mailbox servers using get-mailboxserver.
When the form loads, it will get a list of all the Exchange mailbox servers using get-mailboxserver.
